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Aplanar la curva de crecimiento del... Estado - Por: Luis Alberto Duque Molano - Columnistas | CiudadRegion Noticias En el ámbito empresarial privado, desde hace ya varios años, se viene imponiendo un estilo organizativo que tiende al aplanamiento de su estructura, para hacer las empresas más ágiles y eficientes y con menores costos. Implica empoderar la base trabajadora haciéndola más participativa y multifuncional reduciendo distancias e intermediarios entre las directivas que salen de sus «despachos burbujas a enfrentar en equipo la cancha de juego».
Hay una tendencia natural a que las organizaciones a medida que aumentan sus recursos económicos y necesidades, se comiencen a burocratizar creando nuevas áreas de trabajo y puestos subdividiendo funciones y aumentando la especialización del trabajo en actividades colaterales. Esto va de la mano con una máxima que acostumbro a usar: «todo gasto crece hasta alcanzar el ingreso…… e incluso superarlo».
Lo malo es que en ese proceso de desarrollo se van creando una serie de costos fijos que van haciendo la organización menos flexible y poco ágil para sortear con éxito las situaciones difíciles. En la industria norteamericana se han visto claramente ejemplos de esto. La actividad ferroviaria en su operatividad, por cierto complicada, se caracterizó en sus comienzos por la creación de supervisores de supervisores y jefes que burocratizó su gestión.
La industria automotriz americana que dominaba tradicionalmente el mercado sufrió un gran impacto negativo con la primera crisis petrolera de 1973. La Organización de Países Árabes Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP) se negó a exportar a los países occidentales que habían apoyado a Israel en su conflicto con Siria y Egipto, sumiendo a Estados Unidos hambriento de combustible en una gran crisis. La industria automotriz americana robusta y poco flexible montada para producir autos de gran cilindrada y alto consumo no pudo transformarse a tiempo para evitar el ingreso masivo de carros ligeros de bajo consumo especialmente japoneses. Con técnicas como el Just in Time (justo a tiempo) y la idea de barcos ensambladores para aprovechar la larga travesía, dieron una gran lección de mercadeo circunstancial. Conquista que sigue ampliándose, con más jugadores en el terreno.
Esas estructuras empresariales robustas, verticales, con grandes costos fijos poco ágiles y flexibles han dado al traste con muchas organizaciones cuando sucede lo inesperado, acostumbrados a manejar solo lo rutinario.
Lo que pasa en las empresas privadas también podría aplicarse a los Estados y gobiernos tanto nacionales como regionales y locales. Pues no es cierto que estos nunca quiebran. Siempre piensan que todo se resuelve con impuestos. Pero cuando la exprimida naranja ya no da más jugo hay que buscar opciones. Difícilmente después de semejante pandemia, el pueblo colombiano trabajador resista una más impositiva reforma tributaria.
Y una opción clara es podar ese frondoso árbol burocrático, fusionar, eliminar, reducir entidades algunas de las cuales nacieron sin mayores justificaciones. Achatar el Estado y el gobierno. Lo ha propuesto el mismo club de países ricos, OCDE, a la cual con cierto arribismo nos afiliaron, a pesar de que la entidad recomendaba en su protocolo que el aparato estatal debería ser lo más pequeño y compacto posible.
Tenemos un congreso voluminoso (280), altamente costoso con 2 cámaras de baja productividad e innumerables prebendas, que perfectamente podría reducirse a la mitad de sus miembros o ser unicameral, 18 ministerios de los cuales el último año se crearon dos: el de Deportes y el de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, con fuertes críticas y descoordinados que ni siquiera firman conjuntamente los decretos de la emergencia, uno de los motivos de rechazo por la Corte Constitucional. Además, en los últimos tiempos nos hemos llenado de una cantidad de agencia administrativas especiales que inició como medio excepcional y se convirtió en una forma general de administración de lo público, unido a departamentos administrativos, superintendencias e institutos descentralizados y súmele las altas Cortes con sus puertas giratorias, la JEP…. ¿Será que para mantener toda esta infraestructura y atender necesidades apremiantes de la pandemia debemos endeudarnos peligrosamente y asfixiar a los contribuyentes con más cargas impositivas?
En la empresa privada cuando un endeudamiento supera el 60% se prenden las alarmas por que comienza a peligrar su autonomía. ¿No pasa algo parecido con el Estado condenando a las generaciones a vivir empeñados? Mas cuando debemos pagar por una frondosa burocracia improductiva y corrupta, un congreso que pierde el tiempo en insultos y discusiones bizantinas, no contento con eso, ver a políticos ¨trabajar¨ desde sus casas hasta tumbados en sus camas sobándose la barriga, negándose a renunciar a sus prebendas y a millonarios gastos de representación, que los cobran aún en sus largos periodos de vacaciones. Y para colmo, en medio de la crisis, el desangre sigue al ajustar este año en un 5.12% los emolumentos de los servidores públicos con carácter retroactivo, sobrepasando para el caso de los parlamentarios los 34 millones de pesos igual para magistrados de altas cortes y funcionarios varios, cuando el pequeño empresario, colaboradores, independientes e informales, solo suplican que los dejen trabajar con restricciones para intentar sobrevivir.
¡No hay derecho! ¡Aplanar es una opción!
Nota aclaratoria Las opiniones de los columnistas son de su estricta responsabilidad y no representan la opinión de este portal.
Ingeniero Industrial UTP, Especialista en Gestión Industrial Universidad del Norte y UPV de España, Magister en Administracion Económica y Financiera UTP y estudios de Doctorado en la UPV de España. Exfuncionario de Acerías Paz del Río, docente y exdirector de Postgrados de Ing. Industrial UTP y exgerente de la IPS Fondo de Asistencia Social de la UTP, FASUT. email: albertoduque@hotmail.com
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