20";display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.tie-container,#tie-wrapper{height:100%;min-height:650px}.tie-container{position:relative;overflow:hidden}#tie-wrapper{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:108;height:100%;margin:0 auto}.container-wrapper{background:#fff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:2px;padding:30px}#content{margin-top:30px}@media (max-width:991px){#content{margin-top:15px}}.site-content{-ms-word-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.theme-header{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:999}.theme-header:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}#menu-components-wrap{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}#logo{margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;display:block;float:left}#logo img{vertical-align:middle}#logo a{display:inline-block}@media (max-width:991px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo{margin:14px 0!important;text-align:left;line-height:1}#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{width:auto;height:auto;max-width:190px}}@media (max-width:479px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{max-width:160px;max-height:60px!important}}@media (max-width:991px){#theme-header.mobile-header-default.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{-webkit-flex-grow:10;-ms-flex-positive:10;flex-grow:10}}.components{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-justify-content:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:end}.components>li{position:relative}.components>li.social-icons-item{margin:0}.components>li>a{display:block;position:relative;width:30px;text-align:center;font-size:16px;white-space:nowrap}.components .search-bar form{width:auto;background:rgba(255,255,255,.1);line-height:36px;border-radius:50px;position:relative}.components #search-input{border:0;width:100%;background:0 0;padding:0 35px 0 20px;border-radius:0;font-size:inherit}.components #search-submit{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:40px;line-height:inherit;color:#777;background:0 0;font-size:15px;padding:0;border:none}.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{display:table;width:100%}.header-layout-1 #logo{line-height:1;float:left;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;float:none}@media (max-width:991px){.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{border-width:0;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}}.mobile-header-components{display:none;z-index:10;height:30px;line-height:30px;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex:1 1 0%;-ms-flex:1 1 0%;flex:1 1 0%}.mobile-header-components .components{float:none;display:-webkit-flex!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-webkit-justify-content:stretch;-ms-flex-pack:stretch;justify-content:stretch}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link{display:inline-block;float:none}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{width:20px;padding-bottom:15px}.mobile-header-components [class^=tie-icon-]{font-size:18px;width:20px;height:20px;vertical-align:middle}.mobile-header-components .tie-mobile-menu-icon{font-size:20px}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon{display:inline-block;width:20px;height:2px;background-color:var(--base-color);position:relative;top:-4px}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before,.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{position:absolute;right:0;background-color:var(--base-color);content:'';display:block;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0);-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before{-webkit-transform:translateY(-7px);-ms-transform:translateY(-7px);transform:translateY(-7px)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(7px);-ms-transform:translateY(7px);transform:translateY(7px)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-4:after{width:60%;right:auto;left:0}#mobile-header-components-area_1 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-right:15px}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components{-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-left:15px}@media (max-width:991px){#tie-body #mobile-container,.mobile-header-components{display:block}}.top-nav{background-color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:10;line-height:40px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-width:1px 0;color:var(--base-color);clear:both}.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .top-nav{border-top-width:0}.top-nav a:not(.button):not(:hover){color:var(--base-color)}.top-nav .search-bar{margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:3px;line-height:34px}.topbar-wrapper{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:40px}.top-nav .tie-alignleft,.top-nav .tie-alignright{-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;position:relative}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignleft{-webkit-flex:1 0 100px;-ms-flex:1 0 100px;flex:1 0 100px}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignright{-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;z-index:1}.topbar-today-date{float:left;padding-right:15px;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.top-nav-dark .top-nav{background-color:#2c2e32;color:#ccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav *{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .breaking a{color:#ccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li>a,.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li.social-icons-item .social-link:not(:hover) span{color:#ccc}@media (max-width:991px){.topbar-today-date,.theme-header .components{display:none}}.breaking{display:none}.main-nav-wrapper{position:relative;z-index:4}.main-nav{background-color:var(--main-nav-background);color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);position:relative;border:1px solid var(--main-nav-main-border-color);border-width:1px 0}.main-menu-wrapper{position:relative}@media (min-width:992px){.header-menu .menu{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.header-menu .menu a{display:block;position:relative}.header-menu .menu>li>a{white-space:nowrap}.header-menu .menu .sub-menu a{padding:8px 10px}.header-menu .menu ul:not(.sub-menu-columns):not(.sub-menu-columns-item):not(.sub-list):not(.mega-cat-sub-categories):not(.slider-arrow-nav){box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.header-menu .menu ul li{position:relative}.header-menu .menu ul a{border-width:0 0 1px}.header-menu .menu ul ul{top:0;left:100%}#main-nav{z-index:9;line-height:60px}.main-menu .menu>li>a{padding:0 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}.main-menu .menu>li>.menu-sub-content{border-top:2px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a{padding:0 20px;line-height:inherit}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a:before{display:none}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a .tie-menu-icon{font-size:160%;-webkit-transform:translateY(15%);-ms-transform:translateY(15%);transform:translateY(15%)}.main-menu .menu ul{line-height:20px;z-index:1}.main-menu .menu-sub-content{background:var(--main-nav-background);display:none;padding:15px;width:230px;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.main-menu .menu-sub-content a{width:200px}.main-nav .menu a,.main-nav .components li a{color:var(--main-nav-text-color)}.main-nav-light{--main-nav-background:#fff;--main-nav-secondry-background:rgba(0,0,0,.03);--main-nav-primary-color:var(--brand-color);--main-nav-contrast-primary-color:var(--bright-color);--main-nav-text-color:var(--base-color);--main-nav-secondry-text-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);--main-nav-main-border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);--main-nav-secondry-border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.08)}}@media (min-width:992px){header .menu-item-has-children>a:before{content:'';position:absolute;right:10px;top:50%;bottom:auto;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);font-family:'tiefonticon'!important;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;content:"\f079";font-size:11px;line-height:1}header .menu-item-has-children .menu-item-has-children>a:before{content:"\f106";font-size:15px}.menu>.menu-item-has-children:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-right:25px}}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .main-nav{margin-top:-1px;border-top-width:0}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .breaking-title{top:0;margin-bottom:-1px}}@media only screen and (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1100px){.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px}.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a:before{display:none}.main-nav .menu>li.is-icon-only>a{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}}@media (max-width:991px){#sticky-logo{display:none}}#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) #sticky-logo,#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) .flex-placeholder{display:none}@media (min-width:992px){#sticky-logo{overflow:hidden;float:left;vertical-align:middle}#sticky-logo a{line-height:1;display:inline-block}#sticky-logo img{position:relative;vertical-align:middle;padding:8px 10px;top:-1px;max-height:50px}.header-layout-1 #sticky-logo img{padding:0}.header-layout-1:not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) #sticky-logo{display:none}.theme-header #sticky-logo img{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;width:0!important;-webkit-transform:translateY(75%);-ms-transform:translateY(75%);transform:translateY(75%)}.header-layout-1 .flex-placeholder{-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}}@media (max-width:991px){#tie-wrapper header#theme-header{box-shadow:none;background:0 0!important}.header-layout-1 .main-nav{border-width:0;box-shadow:0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.header-layout-1 .main-nav{background-color:#fff}.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap{display:none}.main-menu-wrapper .main-menu-wrap{width:100%}}.magazine2 .container-wrapper{border-width:0;padding:0;background-color:transparent;opacity:.99}@media (min-width:992px){.magazine2.sidebar-right .sidebar{padding-left:40px}}.magazine2 .sidebar .container-wrapper{margin-bottom:50px}@media (max-width:991px){.magazine2 .sidebar .container-wrapper{margin-bottom:30px}}.magazine2 .share-buttons-top{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.magazine2 .post-components>div{margin-top:50px}@media (max-width:991px){.magazine2 .post-components>div{margin-top:30px}}.top-nav-dark .top-nav input{color:#ccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav input{color:#ccc}input{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:var(--base-color);font-size:13px;outline:none;padding:10px 12px;line-height:23px;border-radius:2px;max-width:100%;background-color:transparent}input:not([type=checkbox]):not([type=radio]){-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;outline:none}@media (max-width:767px){input:not([type=submit]){font-size:16px!important}}.button,[type=submit]{width:auto;position:relative;background-color:var(--tie-buttons-color,var(--brand-color));color:var(--tie-buttons-text,var(--bright-color));border-radius:var(--tie-buttons-radius,2px);border:var(--tie-buttons-border-width,0) solid var(--tie-buttons-border-color,var(--brand-color));padding:10px 25px;margin:0;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:21px;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:middle;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}@media (min-width:992px){.sidebar-right .main-content{float:left}.sidebar-right .sidebar{float:right}.sidebar-right.magazine2 .main-content{padding-right:5px}}.post-thumb{position:relative;height:100%;display:block;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0)}.post-thumb img{width:100%;display:block}.post-meta{margin:10px 0 8px;font-size:12px;overflow:hidden}.post-meta,.post-meta a:not(:hover){color:#666}.post-meta .meta-item{margin-right:8px;display:inline-block}.post-meta .meta-item.tie-icon:before{padding-right:3px}.post-meta .meta-item.date:before{content:"\f017"}.post-meta .meta-item.meta-comment:before{content:"\f086"}.post-meta .tie-alignright .meta-item:last-child{margin:0!important}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header .post-meta>span,.entry-header .post-meta>div,.main-content .post-meta>span,.main-content .post-meta>div{float:left}}.post-cat-wrap{position:relative;z-index:3;margin-bottom:5px;font-weight:400;font-family:inherit!important;line-height:0;display:block}.post-cat{display:inline-block;background:var(--brand-color);color:var(--bright-color);padding:0 11px;font-size:13px;line-height:2em;margin-right:4px;position:relative;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal;letter-spacing:0;border-radius:4px}.about-author{overflow:hidden;background:0 0;box-shadow:none!important}.about-author .author-avatar{float:left;line-height:0}.about-author .author-info{padding-left:20px;overflow:hidden}.about-author .author-name{font-size:18px;display:inline-block}.about-author .author-bio{margin:5px 0 10px}.about-author .social-icons{padding:0;margin:0}.about-author li.social-icons-item{float:left;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.about-author li.social-icons-item a{font-size:15px;width:auto;height:auto}.about-author li.social-icons-item a span{width:24px}.about-author li.social-icons-item a:not(:hover) span{color:var(--base-color)}@media (max-width:479px){.about-author{text-align:center}.about-author .author-avatar{float:none}.about-author .author-avatar img{margin:0 auto 10px;display:block}.about-author .author-info{padding:0}.about-author .social-icons li{float:none;display:inline-block}}.author-avatar{display:block}.author-avatar img{border-radius:50%;max-width:111px;object-fit:cover;aspect-ratio:1}.social-icons-item{float:right;margin-left:6px;position:relative}.social-icons-item .social-link span{color:var(--base-color);line-height:unset}.social-icons .social-icons-item .social-link,.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item .social-link{width:24px;height:24px;line-height:24px;padding:0;display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:2px}.top-nav .components>li.social-icons-item .social-link:not(:hover) span{color:var(--base-color)}.social-icons-item .facebook-social-icon{background-color:#4080ff!important}.social-icons-item .facebook-social-icon span{color:#4080ff}.social-icons-item .twitter-social-icon{background-color:#000!important}.social-icons-item .twitter-social-icon span{color:#000}.social-icons-item .instagram-social-icon{background-color:#c13584!important}.social-icons-item .instagram-social-icon span{color:#c13584}.social-icons-item .youtube-social-icon{background-color:#ef4e41!important}.social-icons-item .youtube-social-icon span{color:#ef4e41}ul:not(.solid-social-icons) .social-icons-item a:not(:hover){background-color:transparent!important}.solid-social-icons .social-link{background-color:var(--base-color)}.dark-skin .solid-social-icons .social-link{background-color:#27292d;border-color:#27292d}.solid-social-icons .social-link span{color:#fff!important}.loader-overlay{opacity:1;-webkit-perspective:10000px;perspective:10000px;background:0 0;position:absolute;*zoom:1;left:50%;top:50%;bottom:auto;right:auto;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%)}.spinner-circle{position:absolute;z-index:1;height:40px;width:40px;top:-20px;left:-20px;-webkit-animation:parent-animate 1.5s linear infinite;animation:parent-animate 1.5s linear infinite;clip:rect(0,40px,40px,20px)}.spinner-circle:after{content:'';position:absolute;border-radius:50%;height:40px;width:40px;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px;color:var(--brand-color);-webkit-animation:child-animate 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;animation:child-animate 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;clip:rect(0,40px,40px,20px)}@-webkit-keyframes parent-animate{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(220deg);transform:rotate(220deg)}}@keyframes parent-animate{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(220deg);transform:rotate(220deg)}}@-webkit-keyframes child-animate{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(-140deg);transform:rotate(-140deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(140deg);transform:rotate(140deg)}}@keyframes child-animate{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(-140deg);transform:rotate(-140deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(140deg);transform:rotate(140deg)}}.entry-header{padding:30px 30px 0;margin-bottom:20px}@media (max-width:991px){.entry-header{padding:20px 20px 0}}@media (max-width:767px){.container-wrapper{padding:20px 15px}}.subscribe-widget .widget-inner-wrap{text-align:center}.subscribe-widget .newsletter-icon{color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);font-size:40px;display:block;margin:0 0 20px;line-height:.8}.subscribe-widget .subscribe-widget-content{margin-bottom:20px}.subscribe-widget .subscribe-widget-content h3{font-size:28px;color:#2c2f34;margin-bottom:10px}.subscribe-widget .subscribe-input{padding:8px 30px;width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:13px}.subscribe-widget .subscribe-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{text-align:center}.subscribe-widget .subscribe-input::-moz-placeholder{text-align:center}.subscribe-widget .subscribe-input:-moz-placeholder{text-align:center}.subscribe-widget .subscribe-input:-ms-input-placeholder{text-align:center}.subscribe-widget .button{margin-top:10px;width:100%}.block-head-3 .the-global-title{position:relative;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);padding:0 0 14px}.block-head-3 .the-global-title:after{content:"";background:#27292d;width:80px;height:3px;position:absolute;bottom:-1px;left:0}.side-aside{position:fixed;top:0;z-index:111;visibility:hidden;width:350px;max-width:100%;height:100%;background:#fff;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center top;background-size:cover;overflow-y:auto}@media (min-width:992px){.side-aside{right:0;-webkit-transform:translate(350px,0);-ms-transform:translate(350px,0);transform:translate(350px,0)}.side-aside:not(.slide-sidebar-desktop){display:none}}.dark-skin{--lazyload-loading-color:#161717}.dark-skin{background-color:var(--tie-dark-skin-bg-main,#1f2024);color:#fff}.dark-skin input:not([type=submit]){color:#ccc}.dark-skin a:not(:hover){color:#fff}.dark-skin input:not([type=submit]){border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.sidebar .container-wrapper{margin-bottom:30px}@media (max-width:991px){.sidebar .container-wrapper{margin-bottom:15px}}body:not(.has-builder) .sidebar .container-wrapper:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media (max-width:991px){.has-sidebar .sidebar{margin-top:15px}.magazine2.has-sidebar .sidebar{margin-top:40px}}.widget-title{position:relative}.widget-title .the-subtitle{font-size:15px;min-height:15px}.widget-title-icon{position:absolute;right:0;top:1px;color:#b9bec3;font-size:15px}.widget-title-icon:before{content:"\f08d"}form.search-form{overflow:auto;position:relative;width:100%;margin-top:10px}.search-field{float:left;width:73%;padding:8px 15px}.search-submit[type=submit]{float:right;padding:10px 5px;margin-left:2%;width:25%}.stream-item-widget .stream-item-widget-content{text-align:center}.social-icons-widget ul{margin:0 -3px}.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item{float:left;margin:3px;border-bottom:0;padding:0}.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item .social-link{width:40px;height:40px;line-height:40px;font-size:18px}@media (max-width:479px){.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item{float:none;display:inline-block}}.breaking{float:left;width:100%;display:block!important}.breaking-title{padding:0 10px;display:block;float:left;color:#fff;font-size:12px;position:relative}.breaking-title span{position:relative;z-index:1}.breaking-title span.breaking-icon{display:none}@media (max-width:600px){.breaking-title span.breaking-icon{display:inline-block}.breaking-title .breaking-title-text{display:none}}.breaking-title:before{content:"";background:#f05555;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:0}.breaking-news{display:none}#mobile-container{display:none;padding:10px 30px 30px}#mobile-menu{margin-bottom:20px;position:relative;padding-top:15px}#mobile-menu .menu>li{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.dark-skin #mobile-menu .menu>li{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.05)}#mobile-menu .menu>li li{padding-left:15px}#mobile-menu li{display:block;position:relative}#mobile-menu li a{display:block;padding:15px 50px 15px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:22px;font-weight:600}.dark-skin #mobile-menu li a{color:#fff}#mobile-menu li.menu-item-has-children>a:before{display:none}#mobile-menu li ul,#mobile-menu li .menu-sub-content{opacity:1!important;background-image:none!important;padding:0!important;min-height:unset!important}#mobile-menu li ul{padding-left:15px;display:none}#mobile-menu li ul a{font-weight:400;font-size:14px;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px}#mobile-social-icons{margin-bottom:15px}#mobile-social-icons ul{text-align:center;overflow:hidden}#mobile-social-icons ul .social-icons-item{float:none;display:inline-block}#mobile-social-icons .social-icons-item{margin:0}#mobile-social-icons .social-icons-item .social-link{background:0 0;border:none}#mobile-search .search-form{overflow:hidden;position:relative}#mobile-search .search-form:after{position:absolute;content:"\f002";font-family:'tiefonticon';top:4px;right:10px;line-height:30px;width:30px;font-size:16px;border-radius:50%;text-align:center;color:#fff}#mobile-search .search-field{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1);color:#fff;width:100%;border-radius:50px;padding:7px 45px 7px 20px}#mobile-search .search-submit{background:0 0;font-size:0;width:35px;height:38px;position:absolute;top:0;right:5px;z-index:1}#mobile-search input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#mobile-search input::-moz-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#mobile-search input:-moz-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#mobile-search input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#tie-wrapper:after{position:absolute;z-index:1000;top:-10%;left:-50%;width:0;height:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,.2);content:'';opacity:0}@media (max-width:991px){.side-aside.appear-from-left{left:0;-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,0);transform:translate(-100%,0)}.side-aside.is-fullwidth{width:100%}}.is-desktop .side-aside .has-custom-scroll{padding:50px 0 0}.side-aside:after{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:rgba(0,0,0,.2);content:'';opacity:1}a.remove{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;display:block;speak:never;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;width:20px;height:20px;display:block;line-height:20px;text-align:center;font-size:15px}a.remove:before{content:"\e117";font-family:'tiefonticon';color:#e74c3c}a.remove.big-btn{width:25px;height:25px;line-height:25px;font-size:22px}a.remove.light-btn:not(:hover):before{color:#fff}.side-aside a.remove{z-index:1;top:15px;left:50%;right:auto;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.side-aside a.remove:not(:hover):before{color:#111}.side-aside.dark-skin a.remove:not(:hover):before{color:#fff}.tie-popup a.remove{-webkit-transform:scale(.2);-ms-transform:scale(.2);transform:scale(.2);opacity:0;top:15px;right:15px;z-index:1}.theiaStickySidebar:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.side-aside,.has-custom-scroll{overflow-x:hidden;scrollbar-width:thin}.side-aside::-webkit-scrollbar,.has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar{width:5px}.side-aside::-webkit-scrollbar-track,.has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:0 0}.side-aside::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:20px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.dark-skin .has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#000}.tie-popup{position:fixed;z-index:99999;left:0;top:0;height:100%;width:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);display:none;-webkit-perspective:600px;perspective:600px}.pop-up-live-search{will-change:transform,opacity;-webkit-transform:scale(.7);-ms-transform:scale(.7);transform:scale(.7);opacity:0}.tie-popup-search-wrap::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap::-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap:-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap form{position:relative;height:80px;margin-bottom:20px}.popup-search-wrap-inner{position:relative;padding:80px 15px 0;margin:0 auto;max-width:800px}input.tie-popup-search-input{width:100%;height:80px;line-height:80px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.7)!important;font-weight:500;font-size:22px;border:0;padding-right:80px;padding-left:30px;color:#fff;border-radius:5px}button.tie-popup-search-submit{font-size:28px;color:#666;position:absolute;right:5px;top:15px;background:0 0!important}#tie-popup-search-mobile .popup-search-wrap-inner{padding-top:50px}#tie-popup-search-mobile input.tie-popup-search-input{height:50px;line-height:1;padding-left:20px;padding-right:50px}#tie-popup-search-mobile button.tie-popup-search-submit{font-size:16px;top:9px;right:0}#autocomplete-suggestions{overflow:auto;padding:20px;color:#eee;position:absolute;display:none;width:370px;z-index:9999;margin-top:15px}.tie-icon-messenger:before{content:"\f39f"}.tie-icon-facebook:before{content:"\f09a"}.tie-icon-search:before{content:"\f002"}.tie-icon-tags:before{content:"\f02c"}.tie-icon-print:before{content:"\f02f"}.tie-icon-twitter:before{content:"\e90f"}.tie-icon-envelope:before{content:"\f0e0"}.tie-icon-bolt:before{content:"\f0e7"}.tie-icon-youtube:before{content:"\f16a"}.tie-icon-instagram:before{content:"\f16d"}.tie-icon-paper-plane:before{content:"\f1d8"}.tie-icon-whatsapp:before{content:"\f232"}.tie-icon-moon:before{content:"\f10d"}.fa,.fas{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;display:inline-block;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;line-height:1}.fa-angle-down:before{content:"\f107"}.fa-envelope:before{content:"\f0e0"}.fa-home:before{content:"\f015"}.fa-thumbtack:before{content:"\f08d"}.fa,.fas{font-family:'Font Awesome 5 Free';font-weight:900}.post-content.container-wrapper{padding:0}.post-components>div{margin-top:30px}@media (max-width:991px){.post-components>div{margin-top:15px}}.entry-header{font-size:45px;line-height:1.2}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header{font-size:28px}}.entry-header .entry-title{margin-bottom:15px}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header .entry-title{font-size:28px}}.entry-header .post-cat{margin-bottom:6px}.entry-header .post-meta{overflow:inherit;font-size:12px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:24px}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-item{margin-right:12px}.entry-header .post-meta,.entry-header .post-meta a:not(:hover){color:#333}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-author{margin:0}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-author a{font-weight:600}.entry-header .post-meta .author-meta+.date:before{content:"22";color:#ccc;margin:0 3px 0 5px;display:inline-block}.entry-header .post-meta .tie-alignright{display:inline}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header .post-meta{margin-bottom:-8px}.entry-header .post-meta .tie-alignright{float:none}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-item,.entry-header .post-meta .tie-alignright .meta-item:last-child{margin-bottom:8px!important}.entry-header .post-meta>span,.entry-header .post-meta>div{float:initial!important}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-author a{font-weight:400}.entry-header .meta-author-avatar img{width:20px;height:20px}}.meta-author-avatar img{width:30px;height:30px;margin-right:3px;margin-top:-5px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:50%}.fullwidth-entry-title{background-color:transparent;margin:30px 0 0;padding:30px 0;border:none;box-shadow:none!important}@media (max-width:991px){.fullwidth-entry-title{margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:15px}}.post-layout-3 .fullwidth-entry-title{padding:0}.post-layout-3 .entry-header{padding:0;margin:0}.fullwidth-entry-title .tie-alignright{float:none}.featured-area{position:relative;margin-bottom:30px;line-height:1}@media (max-width:767px){.featured-area{margin-bottom:20px}}.featured-area img{width:100%}.single-featured-image{position:relative;margin:0;line-height:0}@media (max-width:767px){.fullwidth-entry-title{padding:20px 15px}}.share-buttons{padding:18px 28px;line-height:0}@media (max-width:767px){.share-buttons{padding:15px}}@media (min-width:768px){.share-buttons-top{padding-bottom:0}}.share-buttons-sticky .share-links{top:300px;left:10px;position:fixed;width:40px;z-index:1000}.share-buttons-sticky .share-links a{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.share-buttons-sticky .share-links:not(.share-rounded) a{margin:0;border-radius:0}.share-buttons-mobile{position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:999999;width:100%;background:0 0;border:0 none;padding:0}.share-buttons-mobile .share-links a{margin:0;border-radius:0;width:1%;display:table-cell;opacity:1!important}.share-buttons-mobile .share-links a .share-btn-icon{margin:0 auto;float:none}@media (min-width:768px){.share-buttons-mobile{display:none}}.mobile-share-buttons-spacer{height:40px}@media (min-width:768px){.mobile-share-buttons-spacer{display:none}}.share-links a{color:#fff}.share-links{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.share-links .share-btn-icon{font-size:15px}.share-links a{display:inline-block;margin:2px;height:40px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;border-radius:2px;width:40px}.share-links a,.share-links a:before{background-color:#444}.share-links a.large-share-button{width:auto}.share-links a .share-btn-icon{width:40px;height:40px;float:left;display:block;text-align:center;line-height:40px}.share-links a .social-text{border:0 solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);border-left-width:1px;padding-left:15px;height:20px;float:left;margin-top:10px;padding-right:25px;font-size:12px;line-height:20px;font-family:"open sans",sans-serif}.share-centered{text-align:center}.icons-text .large-share-button{height:30px}.icons-text .large-share-button .social-text{padding-left:6px;padding-right:8px;height:20px;margin-top:5px;line-height:20px;font-size:10px}.icons-text .large-share-button .share-btn-icon{width:30px;height:30px;line-height:30px}.share-links a.facebook-share-btn,.share-links a.facebook-share-btn:before{background:#4080ff}.share-links a.twitter-share-btn,.share-links a.twitter-share-btn:before{background:#000}.share-links a.whatsapp-share-btn,.share-links a.whatsapp-share-btn:before{background:#43d854}.share-links a.telegram-share-btn,.share-links a.telegram-share-btn:before{background:#08c}.share-links a.messenger-share-btn,.share-links a.messenger-share-btn:before{background:#0078ff}.share-links a.email-share-btn,.share-links a.email-share-btn:before{background:#333}@media (max-width:767px){.social-text{display:none}}@media (min-width:768px){a.whatsapp-share-btn,a.telegram-share-btn{display:none!important}}@media (min-width:768px){a.messenger-mob-share-btn{display:none!important}}@media (max-width:767px){a.messenger-desktop-share-btn{display:none!important}}#related-posts .related-item{position:relative;float:left;width:33.333%;padding:0 15px;margin-bottom:20px}@media (max-width:767px){#related-posts .related-item{padding:0 8px}}#related-posts .related-item .post-thumb{margin-bottom:10px}#related-posts .related-item .post-title{font-size:14px;line-height:19px}#related-posts .related-item .post-meta{margin:4px 0 0}.has-sidebar .site-content #related-posts .related-item:nth-child(3n+1){clear:both}@media (max-width:767px){#related-posts .related-item{width:50%!important;clear:none!important}}#related-posts.has-extra-post .related-item:last-child{clear:none!important;display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px){#related-posts.has-extra-post .related-item:last-child{display:block}}.stream-item-above-post{margin:0 auto 30px}#post-extra-info{display:none}#tie-infinte-posts-loading{position:relative;height:80px;display:none}body{font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif}h1,h3,h4,.the-subtitle{font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif}#main-nav .main-menu>ul>li>a{font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif}#main-nav .main-menu>ul>li>a{text-transform:uppercase}.post-cat{font-size:13px}:root:root{--brand-color:#3db766;--dark-brand-color:#0b8534;--bright-color:#fff;--base-color:#2c2f34}:root:root{--brand-color:#3db766;--dark-brand-color:#0b8534;--bright-color:#fff;--base-color:#2c2f34}.container-wrapper,.the-global-title,input{border-color:#f2f2f2!important}#top-nav{background-color:#0e62a8}#top-nav *{border-color:rgba(#fff,.08)}#top-nav a:not(:hover),#top-nav input,#top-nav #search-submit,#top-nav .components>li .social-link:not(:hover) span{color:#fff}#top-nav input::-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}#top-nav input:-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}#top-nav input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#fff}#top-nav input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#fff}#top-nav{color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)}#top-nav .breaking-title{color:#fff}#top-nav .breaking-title:before{background-color:#18a7d9}#theme-header:not(.main-nav-boxed) #main-nav{border-bottom-color:#f1f1f1!important;border-style:solid;border-right:0 none;border-left:0 none}@media (max-width:991px){#tie-wrapper #theme-header,#tie-wrapper #theme-header #main-nav .main-menu-wrapper{background:0 0}#tie-wrapper #theme-header #main-nav{background-color:#fcfcfc}}.tie-cat-30{background-color:#3db766!important;color:#fff!important}.tie-cat-30:after{border-top-color:#3db766!important}.tie-cat-29{background-color:#3db766!important;color:#fff!important}.tie-cat-29:after{border-top-color:#3db766!important}.tie-cat-43{background-color:#d82b34!important;color:#fff!important}.tie-cat-43:after{border-top-color:#d82b34!important}@media (max-width:991px){.side-aside.normal-side{background:#18a7d9;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(135deg,#0e62a8,#18a7d9);background:-moz-linear-gradient(135deg,#0e62a8,#18a7d9);background:-o-linear-gradient(135deg,#0e62a8,#18a7d9);background:linear-gradient(135deg,#18a7d9,#0e62a8)}}.mobile-header-components li.custom-menu-link>a{color:#18a7d9!important}#mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon,#mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon:before,#mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon:after{background-color:#18a7d9!important}.btn-fb-comments{font-size:x-large;padding:20px;font-weight:500}h1.post-title{letter-spacing:-1.2px}h3.post-title a{letter-spacing:-.6px}.meta-author-wrapper{display:none!important}.post-tags-modern .post-bottom-meta-title .tie-icon-tags{display:none!important}.post-meta.clearfix{font-size:14px}.large-share-button .social-text{font-size:14px!important}#sticky-logo picture img{height:35px!important}.tie-alignright ul.components li.skin-icon{border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08)!important;margin-left:7px!important}.is-desktop .tie-alignright ul.components li.skin-icon{padding-left:8px!important}.is-desktop #newsletter_mobile{display:none!important}@media only screen and (min-width:769px){#share-buttons-top .share-links a.telegram-share-btn,#share-buttons-top .share-links a.whatsapp-share-btn{display:inline-block!important}}#admobile_fixed,.stream-item-above-post{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) and (min-width:768px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo{margin-top:9px!important;margin-bottom:9px!important}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px) and (min-width:0px){#admobile_fixed,.stream-item-above-post{width:320px;margin:auto;display:block!important}.header-layout-1 .main-nav{box-shadow:0 0 0 0}#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo{margin-top:9px!important;margin-bottom:9px!important}#mobile-search{margin-bottom:15px}#mobile-search .search-field{border-radius:0!important}#mobile-menu{margin-bottom:10px!important;padding-top:0!important}#mobile-menu li a{font-weight:400;padding:9px 50px 9px 0!important}#mobile-container{padding:10px 20px 20px}#mobile-search .search-submit{color:#fff;font-weight:700}#the-post .single-featured-image{margin-left:-15px!important;width:calc(100% + 30px)!important}}:root{--swiper-theme-color:#007aff}:root{--swiper-navigation-size:44px}:root{--jp-carousel-primary-color:#fff;--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color:#999;--jp-carousel-bg-color:#000;--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color:#222;--jp-carousel-border-color:#3a3a3a}:root{--jetpack--contact-form--border:1px solid #8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-color:#8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-size:1px;--jetpack--contact-form--border-style:solid;--jetpack--contact-form--border-radius:0px;--jetpack--contact-form--input-padding:16px;--jetpack--contact-form--font-size:16px;--jetpack--contact-form--error-color:#b32d2e;--jetpack--contact-form--inverted-text-color:#fff}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}body,#main-nav .main-menu>ul>li>a{font-family:'Roboto'}h1,h3,h4,.the-subtitle{font-family:'Poppins'}.side-aside a.remove{top:20px!important;left:auto!important;right:20px!important}.post-components .about-author{display:none!important}
Defienden los TLC made in USA - | CiudadRegion Noticias El Espectador | Bogotá D.C. | 17 SEP 2013 – 10:10 pm
El saliente embajador norteamericano, Michael Mckinley, hizo en Blu Radio una defensa del TLC que se volvió el original de las fotocopias hechas por algunos “criollos”, abogados de oficio del Tratado, que intentan ocultar la inicua negociación.
Dicen que las cifras del primer semestre de 2013 no indican incrementos desmesurados de las importaciones agropecuarias y que las de Estados Unidos son “desviación de comercio”, arrebatadas a otros competidores, en maíz, trigo y soya. “Todo bien” y, por tanto, el TLC no es leitmotiv de paros agrarios.
La Representación Comercial de Estados Unidos, USTR, al cumplirse el primer año del Acuerdo, los contradice con sus datos USA-Colombia: “Las exportaciones de soya aumentaron 467%, a 118,6 millones de dólares (…) de productos lácteos crecieron 214%, a US$24,7 millones (…) las de carne de cerdo subieron 66% a US$45,2 millones (…) las de uvas aumentaron 36% a US$9,3 millones (…) las de trigo crecieron 15% en el mismo período, a US$186,4 millones”. Las de papa procesada se acrecentaron en 132%, el tercer destino luego de Kuwait y Chile.
Mientras aquí dicen que nada pasa, en el Norte gozan del éxito, agregando: “Dado que Colombia es actualmente el segundo mayor comprador de productos agrícolas de Estados Unidos en América del Sur, no extraña que las tarifas reducidas en virtud del acuerdo hayan abierto aún más el mercado”.
Exfuncionarios y exnegociadores ven “natural” que Estados Unidos sea el beneficiario. Saben que la cláusula NMF (Nación Más Favorecida), suscrita en el TLC, le otorga las máximas preferencias entre todos los países, incluido Colombia. En cinco años, por ejemplo, el número de subpartidas agrícolas para exportación con arancel cero es favorable a Estados Unidos, 89,7% contra 86,4%.
Las proezas del agro norteamericano se fundan en el dumping, diseñado para colocar excedentes en el exterior, los cuales, para 2013 son 112 millones de toneladas. Ese dumping se fundamenta en enormes subsidios estatales que cobijan a su agricultura. Heritage Foundation calcula —según la Ley en trámite— que desde 2013 crecerán 56% en relación con 2008, hasta 955 mil millones de dólares para los siguientes cinco años.
El porcentaje al cual exportan por debajo del costo es conocido. En el TLC con México, el Centro Woodrow Wilson mostró, entre 1997 y 2005, que para maíz fue del 19%; para arroz del 16%; para carne de res del 5%; en carne de cerdo del 10% y de pollo del 10%, acarreando pérdidas a los productores mexicanos por 12.832 millones de dólares reales de 2000. ¿Una apostasía renegociar el TLC?
Depender de importaciones alimentarias con dumping no rebaja precios al consumidor
Para la economía campesina nacional, se hicieron previsiones con el TLC. Garay y otros concluyeron que la reducción mensual del ingreso total de los hogares oscilaría entre el 7% y el 10%. El Ministerio de Agricultura, en 2004, escribió: “El sector rural resultaría damnificado por el TLC si no se preserva un sistema de estabilización como el SAPF”. Así aconteció. ¿Herejía de “enruanados” levantarse contra el TLC?
Depender de importaciones alimentarias con dumping no rebaja precios al consumidor. En México, donde las de maíz crecieron, del 7% del consumo en 1990 al 35% en 2008, el kilo de tortilla pasó, de 2000 a 2007 de 4 a 10 pesos y en 2008, cuando estalló el boom mundial de commodities agrícolas, se trepó en 66%. Igualmente, en Haití el arroz, que es todo extranjero, alzó 130%. En Colombia, entre enero/2008 y abril/2011, el IPC nacional de alimentos creció 16 puntos, tanto como la inflación total, pese al aumento de importaciones.
Se entiende que el impacto negativo del TLC sobre los males estructurales del agro, tierra, bienes públicos y otros es exponencial, pero ya habrá tiempo para volver sobre este punto. Tienen todos la misma raíz, una política agraria nunca autónoma, siempre importada, así como es la defensa actual de los TLC made in USA.
CiudadRegion, es un diario regional donde se publican las principales noticias del Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Quindío y Caldas.
Deja tu comentario